Russia and Ukraine to Hold U.S.-Mediated Talks in Riyadh: What to Know

The United States is currently engaged in separate discussions with Russia and Ukraine in Saudi Arabia to finalize the details of a potential limited cease-fire, which could be a crucial step towards a comprehensive end to the conflict.

Both Russia and Ukraine have agreed to temporarily halt strikes on energy infrastructure, but the specifics of implementing this partial truce remain undecided as attacks continue.

The talks, taking place in Riyadh with American mediators, are expected to concentrate on resolving these details and ensuring the safety of shipping in the Black Sea.

Ukraine was the first to engage in talks with the United States on Sunday, followed by Russia on Monday. Rustem Umerov, the Ukrainian defense minister leading the delegation, described the discussions as productive and focused on key issues, including energy.

A Ukrainian official, speaking anonymously, mentioned that the Ukrainian delegation might have additional discussions with U.S. officials on Monday, depending on progress.

Steve Witkoff, selected by President Trump as his personal envoy to President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia, has emphasized that the ultimate objective of the talks is a 30-day full cease-fire to allow for negotiations on a permanent truce.

However, reaching such a truce has been challenging, with Moscow maintaining maximalist positions regarding territorial control and Ukraine’s NATO membership. The Ukrainian government has rejected these demands and accused Mr. Putin of stalling.

Unlike previous cease-fire discussions involving top officials, this new round focuses on technical matters and involves diplomats and government advisers. The American delegation includes Keith Kellogg, Michael Anton, and aides to the national security adviser.

The Russian delegation

Dmitri S. Peskov, the Kremlin’s spokesman, revealed that Mr. Putin personally selected negotiators for the talks, led by Grigory B. Karasin and Sergey O. Beseda.

While Mr. Karasin has experience in foreign policy talks, Mr. Beseda’s involvement came as a surprise to some.

Mr. Beseda, a prominent spymaster, played a key role in the intelligence operations that influenced Mr. Putin’s decision to invade Ukraine. He has been criticized by Ukrainian officials for his actions.

The Ukrainian delegation

Mr. Umerov and Pavlo Palisa led the negotiations in Riyadh, representing Ukraine’s defense and military interests.

The Ukrainian delegation for peace talks, appointed by President Zelensky, includes key negotiators with experience in previous discussions with Russia.

In addition to diplomats, Ukraine’s delegation includes civil servants and energy ministers to address technical aspects of the talks on energy and shipping.

Mr. Zelensky highlighted the need for a third-party monitor for the cease-fire agreement, suggesting the United States could fulfill this role.

While discussions on energy and shipping progress, Russia and Ukraine remain far apart on conditions for a complete cessation of hostilities, indicating challenges in broader peace negotiations.

Moscow’s position

Moscow demands a halt to Ukrainian military activities and foreign aid in exchange for a temporary truce, with the White House affirming continued support for Ukraine.

Mr. Witkoff’s alignment with Kremlin views on territorial issues has raised concerns, as staged referendums in Ukraine were widely deemed illegitimate.

Russia’s stance focuses on Ukraine conceding to Moscow’s demands, while Ukraine emphasizes sovereignty, security guarantees, and refusal to compromise on key issues.

Kyiv’s position

Ukraine initially agreed to a 30-day truce but later accepted a limited cease-fire due to Moscow’s conditions. Red lines include territorial sovereignty, NATO membership, and military size.

Many doubt the sustainability of a cease-fire, recalling past violations and lack of trust between the parties.

What’s next?

Expectations for a meeting between Mr. Trump and Mr. Putin in Saudi Arabia, along with ongoing discussions on a limited truce, highlight the uncertain diplomatic process amid continued conflict.

Despite efforts, Moscow and Kyiv remain entrenched in their positions, indicating significant hurdles in reaching a comprehensive agreement.