Opinion | What Did the World Learn From Syria?

The Arab Spring, which saw the overthrow of dictators in Tunisia, Libya, Yemen, and Egypt, began in 2010. By then, the al-Assad regime had already ruled Syria with fear and repression for around 40 years, mostly under martial law. When Bashar al-Assad took over from his father Hafez in 2000, there was hope for reform. Bashar, known for his mild-mannered demeanor and background in ophthalmology, promised change. Despite his Western education and marriage to a Syrian-British woman featured in Vogue, the government remained corrupt. Syrians were well aware of the consequences of challenging the regime: detention, torture, and disappearance.

In 2011, despite the risks, Syrians bravely and peacefully protested for concessions. These protesters came from diverse backgrounds, including farmers, students, housewives, pharmacists, and teachers. They represented various political beliefs and sects, united in their desire for change. The early days of the revolution were described as beautiful, filled with hope and unity. Even individuals from different religious backgrounds joined forces to protest, showcasing a sense of solidarity and shared purpose.

During this time, Syrians envisioned a new future for their country. Discussions on constitutions, economic systems, citizenship, and civil society flourished in secret gatherings. Despite differing opinions on the type of state Syria should become, all shared a common excitement at the prospect of shaping their own governance and destiny. However, the al-Assad regime responded violently to these peaceful protests, using force against demonstrators and causing widespread harm.

Many Syrians were forced to flee the country, fearing persecution from the government. The regime’s retaliation extended to entire families, neighborhoods, and cities, creating a climate of fear and instability.