This bird-inspired drone is more energy efficient and proficient at complex flight maneuvers

Artificial Flight: The advancement of modern drones has led to increased efficiency, but they still pose challenges in terms of energy consumption. Drawing inspiration from birds, European researchers have developed a new type of drone that aims to consume less power while replicating the complex movements of its avian counterparts.

At the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) in Switzerland, researchers have created a Robotic Avian-inspired Vehicle for Multiple Environments (RAVEN) by incorporating hind limbs into a fixed-wing design. This innovative drone not only accelerates faster during takeoff compared to traditional models but also executes intricate maneuvers that closely resemble those of real birds.

The concept of aviation was initially inspired by birds, yet current aircraft, including planes, still lack the biological versatility demonstrated by birds. Birds effortlessly transition from walking to flying, without the need for runways or launchers. Engineers have strived to replicate this adaptability in artificial designs without success.

The RAVEN study focuses on enhancing “gait diversity” while reducing overall mass. By integrating bird-inspired multifunctional legs, the drone can swiftly take off, fly, walk on the ground, and navigate small obstacles. To showcase the drone’s capabilities, the researchers compared RAVEN to an actual raven.

Utilizing a jumping takeoff significantly enhances initial flight speed and proves to be more energy-efficient than the legless design of conventional drones. Through mathematical modeling, computer simulations, and experimental iterations, the EPFL researchers have perfected the robotic legs for optimal performance.

The final outcome of the project strikes a balance between the mechanical complexity of the artificial limbs and the overall weight of the RAVEN drone (0.62kg). The hind limbs are strategically positioned to keep heavier components close to the main body, while the integration of springs and motors mimics the powerful tendons and muscles of birds.

While birds have long solved the challenge of flight through evolution and biology, researchers have faced significant hurdles in replicating such versatility in drone technology. The study suggests that RAVEN’s multifunctional robotic legs can expand deployment possibilities compared to conventional fixed-wing aircraft. With the ability to autonomously take off, these new drones can navigate complex terrains and hazardous conditions to fulfill their objectives.